Decomposition, the breakdown of dead plant and animal material, is a fundamental process that cycles nutrients and carbon through ecosystems. Most of what is known about decomposition comes from studies in High rainfall areas, but this knowledge does not translate well to dryland ecosystems. Decomposition affects long-term soil fertility and carbon storage and therefore plays an important part in determining the role of drylands in the global carbon cycle. Recent studies suggest that ultra‐violet radiation and mixing of eroded soils with litter are important drivers influencing dryland decomposition. Our research tests the importance of these drivers. We hypothesize that the formation of this soil‐litter matrix is determined by wind and water erosion and that once it develops the role of ultra‐violet radiation is mediated.